Ightness temperature (Tb ; K), and b , which is equal to K1 [51]: 1 = 1 (11) (12) (13) (14) (15)two = – Ld three = Ld Tb 2 b Ltoa Tb2 bTb – two.5.3. TsRTE Correction According to the RTE ModelThe corrected Ts using the radiative transfer equation is referred to within this article as TsRTE (K), and was calculated following Equation (16) according to the Ltoa as well as the parameters obtained by ATMCORR [51]: TsRTE = C2 nC1 5 Lc= n5 CLtoa – Lu – (1-3) Ld(16)Cwhere C1 = 1.19104 108 W four m-2 sr-1 and C2 = 14387.7 K are continual; and will be the successful wavelength in the band. two.5.four. TsSW Correction AAPK-25 Protocol Depending on the Split-Window (SW) Model The split-window surface temperature correction model is among the simplest methods, in which the radiation attenuation by atmospheric absorption is proportional towards the distinction in radiance measured simultaneously by the two thermal bands [28,34]. The surface temperature (TsSW ; K) determined by the SW model might be calculated as: TsSW = Tb10 c1 ( Tb10 – Tb11 ) c2 ( Tb10 – Tb11 )2 c0 (c3 c4 w)(1 – ) (c5 c6 w) (17)where Tb10 and Tb11 are the brightness temperature of bands 10 and 11 (K) of TIRS; c x is constant together with the following values c0 = -0.268, c1 = 1.378, c2 = 0.183, c3 = 54.30, c4 = -2.238, c5 = -129.20, and c6 = 16.40 [34]; is the difference in emissivity on the thermal bands 10 and 11 of TIRS; and w is the water vapor concentration (g cm-2 ) calculated by Equation (18) [52]. 2.6. Estimation of SEBFs and ET Utilizing SEBAL The SEBAL algorithm was processed according to the flow chart shown in Figure three. It was proposed to MAC-VC-PABC-ST7612AA1 manufacturer estimate the daily evapotranspiration (ET) in the instantaneous latent heat flux (LE; W m-2 ) obtained as a residue on the energy balance equation (Equation (18)): LE = Rn – G – H (18)2.6. Estimation of SEBFs and ET Utilizing SEBAL The SEBAL algorithm was processed according to the flow chart shown in Figure 3. It was proposed to estimate the everyday evapotranspiration (ET) from the instantaneous latent heat flux (; W m-2) obtained as a residue from the power balance equation (Equation 9 of 24 (18)): = – – (18)Sensors 2021, 21,exactly where is net radiation (W m-2 ); ); is soil heat flux (W (W m and H would be the senwhere Rn is thethe net radiation (W m-2G is thethe soil heat flux m-2 ); -2); and could be the sensible sible heat flux two ). heat flux (W m-(W m-2).Figure 3.three. Flowchart in the processing stepsof the SEBAL algorithm. Figure Flowchart of your processing actions in the SEBAL algorithm.The Rn (Equation (19)) represents the balance of short-wave and long-wave radiation The (Equation (19)) represents the balance of short-wave and long-wave radiaon theon the surface: tion surface: Rn = Rs (1 – ) R L – R L – (1 – ) R L (19) (19) = (1 – ) – – (1 – ) where Rs will be the measured incident solar radiation (W m-2 ); is the surface albedo; R L is -2 where may be the measured incident solar radiation the path the surface albedo; the long-wave radiation emitted by the atmosphere in(W m ); is on the surface (W m-2 ); the atmosphere in atmosphere of m-2 ); and (W Ris the long-wave radiation emitted byby the surface to thethe path (Wthe surface is L could be the long-wave radiation emitted m-2); could be the long-wave radiation emitted by the surface for the atmosphere (W m-2); the surface emissivity. The R L and R L were calculated by Equations (20) and (21): and will be the surface emissivity. The and have been calculated by Equations (20) and (21): R = sup ..T four (20)L s= . . four R L = atm ..Ta(20) (21)(21) = . emiss.
