The GlyT2 Species insulin resistance index have been substantially reduced in comparison to MS rats. FTZ therapy also enhanced the activity of PI3K in adipose tissue compared to MS rats. Our study recommended that FTZ could ameliorate insulin resistance and treat MS. This effect could be linked with the compounds which it contained. It hasbeen reported that oleanolic acid (OA) in Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton decreased serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL and totally free fatty acids, improved serum HDL and lowered hepatic lipid accumulation. In addition, inflammation in db/db mice was improved by OA, as evidenced by decreased levels of IL-1 , IL-6, and TNF- inside the circulation and within the liver. These outcomes recommended that OA improved hepatic insulin resistance by means of inhibition of mitochondrial ROS, hypolipidemia and anti-inflammatory effects [23]. Ginsenoside Re in Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen decreased insulin resistance through activation of the PPAR- pathway by straight rising the expression of PPAR-2 and its responsive genes, adiponectin, IRS-1 and ap2, inhibiting TNF- production and facilitating the translocation of GLUT4 to market glucose uptake and disposal in 3T3-L1 adipocytes [24]. Berberine in Coptis chinensis Franch. improved insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and the recruitment of p85 to IRS-1. The ameliorated insulin signal transduction was related to berberine-mediated inhibition of mTOR, which attenuated serine phosphorylation of IRS-1. These benefits suggested that berberine may ameliorate insulin resistance by modulating key molecules within the insulin signaling pathway, major to enhanced glucose uptake in insulin-resistant cells [25]. As a result, we suspect that these ingredients may clarify the part of FTZ in EBV Inhibitor Storage & Stability ameliorating insulin resistance.Conclusion In conclusion, our study indicated that FTZ could decrease serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and fasting blood glucose and improve serum HDL-C, thereby reactivating the insulin-stimulated IRS1/PI3K pathway in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells and up-regulating PI3K expression in adipose tissue. Hence, the advantageous effects of FTZ on insulin resistance suggest that this decoction may possibly be a promising therapeutic for MS and insulin resistance.Abbreviations FTZ: Fu Fang Zhen Zhu Tiao Zhi formula; MS: Metabolic syndrome; IR: Insulin resistance; IRS1: Insulin receptor substrate-1; PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; TG: Triglyceride; TC: Total cholesterol; HDL-C: HDL-cholesterol; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; FPI: Fasting plasma insulin; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model assessment- insulin resistance index. Competing interests The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions Dr. J.Guo and Xuguang Hu made the study. Man Wang carried out experiments. Bei WJ and Wang LY, participated in the design of study, interpretation of results, and drafted the manuscript. Mr. Shuyan Li, Zongyu Han, Xiuteng Zhou, Le Cao, Hu Yinming, Ms. Wei He, Junhui Peng and Duosheng Luo have took component within the investigation projects. All authors have study and authorized the final manuscript.Hu et al. Journal of Translational Medicine 2014, 12:47 translational-medicine/content/12/1/Page eight ofAcknowledgements This study was supported by grants in the Natural Sciences Funds, Republic of China (nos.81173626,2011), Guangdong Province-Chinese Education Ministry Industry, Education and Research Cooperation Project (no. 2011B090400379), Guangdong Province Natural Sciences Funds Rese.
