trafamily interfamily and random miRNA pairs, and among intracluster, intercluster and random miRNA pairs. The functional similarity scores of miRNAs in the same family or in the same cluster are significantly higher compared with other miRNAs. These results 1-Pyrrolidinebutanoic acid,β-[3-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl]-3-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)ethyl]-,(βS,3R)- (hydrochloride) customer reviews suggested that the miRFunSim method can better reflect the functional similarities and differences of miRNA pairs in the different groups. We further tested miRFunSim method on 270 high-quality experimentally verified miRNA-disease associations to recover the known miRNA pairs associated with the same disease and achieved a higher AUC of 83.1. In comparison with existing similar methods, our miRFunSim method can achieve more effective and more reliable performance for measuring the functional similarity of miRNAs. With the improvement in coverage of PPI network and in prediction accuracy of miRNA targets, the proposed miRFunSim method will perform better for quantifying the associations between miRNAs. Furthermore, this method can be extended to other species when PPIN data and targets of miRNAs are available. The 522-12-3 mammalian retina consists of three layers of neurons specialized for light detection and initial processing of visual signals. Photoreceptors are located in the outer layer, and constitute 70 of retinal cells. These cells, which convert light to a neuronal signal, contain specific cellular structures including apical membrane specializations in the ����outer segment���� that capture light photons, ribbon-type synaptic specializations for transmitting neural signals to interneurons in the inner retinal layers, and a unique nuclear chromatin organization to mediate cell-type-specific gene expression while maximizing the amount of light reaching the outer segments. The vast majority of photoreceptors in most mammalian retinas are rods, which are exquisitely sensitive to low levels of light and mediate night vision. 3�C5 of photoreceptors in mouse and human retinas are cones, which mediate color vision in daylight. Cones can be further classified on the basis of the wavelength sensitivity of the light-capturing visual pigment opsin they contain. To establish and maintain their structure and function, each photoreceptor subtype expresses a set of spec
