H Ankudowich for assistance in data collection. We also want to
H Ankudowich for support in data collection. We also wish to thank the members with the Memory and Cognition and Human Neuroscience Labs at Yale for helpful s from the study reported in this post. Correspondence really should be addressed to Kyungmi Kim, Division of Psychology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208205, New Haven, CT 065208205. Email: [email protected] them or to a fictitious other particular person, medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), the region most reliably recruited in the course of explicit selfreferential processing across a variety of domains and stimuli (Lieberman, 200), showed higher activity for selfowned objects compared with otherowned objects. Additionally, improved preference for and superior subsequent supply memory for selfowned objects have been also linked with MPFC activity during imagined ownership (Kim Johnson, 202). Applying a comparable paradigm, Turk et al. (20) identified higher MPFC activity for selfowned vs otherowned objects and that superior recognition memory for selfowned objects was correlated with activity in MPFC. Taken together, these findings offered initial neural proof for the incorporation of selfrelevant objects into one’s sense of self. Most prior research examined neural underpinnings of selfrelevant processing by requiring participants to explicitly course of action some, but not other, stimuli in reference to themselves. Two recent studies located that largely the same selfsensitive brain regions recruited in the course of explicit selfreferential processing, notably MPFC along with other cortical midline structures [CMSs; e.g. posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), precuneus], are activated when the selfrelevance of stimuli is presumably only implicitly processed, or at PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26537230 least not explicitly required by the task (Moran et al 2009; Rameson et al 200). In Moran et al. (2009), MPFC selectively responded when people were presented with individual semantic information (e.g. one’s initials) compared with nonselfrelated stimuli inside a nonselfreferential oddball detection process in which the selfrelated stimuli served as nonoddballs. In an additional study, MPFC was additional active during nonselfreferential judgments of photographs (i.e. `Is there a person within a scene’) when photos depicted a scene related to one’s selfschema (e.g. a buy SB-366791 picture of a fitness center for people with an athletic selfschema) compared with once they didn’t (Rameson et al 200). The recruitment of MPFC and other CMSs in the absence of explicit selfreferential judgments suggest that these brain locations may perhaps signal the prospective selfrelevancy of incoming details. Such signals of selfrelevance could reflect personal significance of incoming stimuli (D’Argembeau et al 202), or much more common, spontaneous subjective valuation (Peters Buckel, 200; Rangel Hare, 200), each most likely to involve MPFC (especially, ventral MPFC) as well as implicit andor explicit activation of autobiographicalepisodic memories, likely to involve PCCprecuneus (Svoboda et al 2006).The Author (203). Published by Oxford University Press. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oupExtended self: my objects and MPFCThe findings of spontaneous activity in selfsensitive brain regions during the presentation of facts that may be prototypically related to one’s senseconcept of self (e.g. one’s name, one’s selfschema) raise the question: are these regions similarly engaged spontaneously when people today are presented with their possession, as will be predicted by the notion of extended self Here, we set out to explore this question applying an i.
