Ern Switzerland, 1401 Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland; [email protected] Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland Correspondence: [email protected]: Current investigation perform shows that you will find 4 procedures that may be utilized to calculate the electromagnetic fields from a existing source. These unique procedures, although generating the same total field, give rise to field elements that differ from one particular process to another. This has led for the understanding that the different field terms that constitute the total field can’t be uniquely determined. In this paper, it is shown that all four field expressions may be decreased to a single field expression, plus the numerous field terms arising from acceleration, uniformly moving, and stationary charges can be uniquely determined. The differences inside the field terms arising from diverse methods are caused by the distinctive methods of summing up the contribution towards the total electric field coming from the accelerating, moving, and stationary charges.Citation: Cooray, V.; Cooray, G.; Rubinstein, M.; Rachidi, F. On the Apparent Non-Uniqueness of your Electromagnetic Field Components of Return Strokes Revisited. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 1319. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/atmos12101319 Academic Editor: Sergey Pulinets Received: 1 September 2021 Accepted: 3 October 2021 Published: 9 OctoberKeywords: dipole fields; radiation; induction; electrostatic; velocity fields; Coulomb fields; field components; lightning; return stroke1. Introduction The students of electromagnetic theory are introduced, as a normal, to electromagnetic fields generated by an electric dipole after they are taught in regards to the electromagnetic radiation [1]. It really is shown that the dipole electric fields is often separated into electrostatic, induction, and radiation terms, despite the fact that one particular cannot assign any clear physical significance to these field terms except for the radiation. An interesting query that 1 can raise within this context would be the following: Are these field components non-unique, or is there a further solution to express the total fields to ensure that the physical processes that give rise for the dipole fields become apparent A comparable issue exists inside the case of calculating the electromagnetic fields of more complicated sources, by way of example, the return strokes in lightning flashes. In lightning research, return stroke models are utilized to estimate the electromagnetic fields at various distances generated by return strokes. These return stroke models specify the spatial and temporal variation on the charge and current related to the return stroke. Once this data is specified, it is actually achievable to calculate the electromagnetic fields applying Maxwell’s equations (e.g., [2]). However, after the spatial emporal distributions in the return stroke charge and current are specified, there are many ways that the Maxwell’s equations could be utilized in calculating the electromagnetic fields. At present, you’ll find four approaches created in the literature to evaluate the electromagnetic fields as soon as the spatial and temporal distribution in the present are given [8,9]. They are called the dipole (Lorentz) approach, the Wnt3a Protein ,Human (HEK293) continuity equation technique, and two versions from the procedures primarily based on 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid Description moving and accelerating charges. All these approaches give rise to thePublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published m.
