Ill fixed as 0.2 m/s, as well as the excitation signal voltage is
Ill fixed as 0.2 m/s, as well as the excitation signal voltage is 0 V. The experimental results are shown in Figure 9 (all the experiments are Activin B Proteins manufacturer repeated 12 instances, as well as the values shown within the figure take an average with the 12 tested values, along with the short line indicates the normal deviation). The experimental benefits show the sensor’s sensitivity reaches the maximum when the excitation frequency is 12030 kHz. 5.3. Influence of Radial Distribution from the Magnetic Field on Sensitivity Since the magnetic field inside the tube excited by the excitation coils is non-uniform within the radial direction, the output voltages will be various when the passing via metal debris present at various radial positions, that will lead to inaccurate estimation on the metal debris. The magnetic field distribution of your sensor is simulated by COMSOL software program, and the outcome is shown in Figure ten. In Figure ten, the two sets of excitation coils are wound in opposite directions. The plane perpendicular for the axis with the coil is taken because the Z = 0 plane in the midpoint of a set of excitation coils. We can simply verify the non-uniform distribution in the magnetic field within the radial path. B0 could be the magnetic flux density at z = 0 and r = 0 (together with the center on the specific excitation coils as origin). B(r) represents the magnetic flux density along the r direction in the plane of z = 0. In Figure 11, the connection amongst relative magnetic flux density B(r)/B0 along with the location on r path is provided. It might be inferred that the maximum measurement error of the sensor is about ten . For experimental verification, a 300 ferrous metal debris is chosen, with all the exact same velocity but at distinctive radial positions. The test outcomes are shown in Figure 12. V0 will be the voltage output when metal debris passes by way of the center in the sensor. It might be noticed that the error brought on by the difference within the radial position is inside 12 . This can be due to the existence of error inside the experimental method, resulting within a certain difference between the experimental outcomes and simulation final results.Sensors 2021, 21, 7556 Sensors 2021, 21, 7556 Sensors 2021, 21,88of 14 of 15 eight ofFigure 7. Voltage signals are generated by the passage of ferrous metal debris of various diameFigure 7. Voltage signals are generated the passage of of ferrous metal debris of different diameFigure 7. Voltage signals are generated byby the passage ferrous metal debris of various diameters. ters. ters.Figure eight. Variation of output voltage with metal debris size. Figure eight. Variation of output voltage with metal debris size. Figure 8. Variation of output voltage with metal debris size.Sensors 2021, 21,ence of excitation frequency on the sensor’s sensitivity, which chosen 300 m ferrous metal debris for the experiment. The speed of metal debris passing through the sensor is still fixed as 0.2 m/s, and also the excitation signal voltage is 0 V. The experimental benefits are shown in Figure 9 (all the experiments are repeated 12 times, and the values shown in the figure take an typical with the 12 tested values, plus the brief line OX40 Proteins medchemexpress indicatesof 14 9 the common deviation). The experimental final results show the sensor’s sensitivity reaches the maximum when the excitation frequency is 12030 kHz.Sensors 2021, 21, 7556 Sensors 2021, 21,ten of 15 15 10 ofFigure 9. The sensor’s frequency characteristic. Figure 9. The sensor’s frequency characteristic.5.three. Influence of Radial Distribution in the Magnetic Field on Sensitivity S.
